What is Ro-Ro transport?

How does Ro-Ro transport work?

Loading and unloading process

The term Ro-Ro comes from “Roll-on/Roll-off”, which literally means “roll on/roll off”. This name describes the process of loading and unloading wheeled vehicles onto and off the ship by means of ramps. Vehicles are driven directly into the ship instead of being lifted by cranes, which makes the process quicker and easier.

Types of Ro-Ro vessels

There are several types of Ro-Ro vessels, each designed to carry different types of cargo. The most common are Pure Car Car Carriers (PCC) and Pure Car and Truck Carriers (PCTC). PCCs specialise in carrying cars, while PCTCs can carry cars as well as trucks and other commercial vehicles. In addition, there are Ro-Ro general cargo vessels, which can carry a variety of vehicles and roll-on/roll-off cargoes.

Advantages of Ro-Ro transport

Speed and efficiency

One of the main advantages of Ro-Ro transport is the speed and efficiency of vehicle loading and unloading. By not requiring the use of cranes, the process is significantly faster, reducing the time vehicles spend in port and allowing the ship to set sail again more quickly.

Damage reduction

The Ro-Ro method minimises the risk of damage to vehicles during the loading and unloading process. By being driven directly onto the ship, possible bumps and scratches that can occur when using cranes and other lifting equipment are avoided. This is especially important for new and expensive vehicles that require careful handling.

Flexibility and capacity

Ro-Ro vessels offer great flexibility in terms of the number and type of vehicles they can carry. They can accommodate a wide range of vehicles, from small cars to heavy machinery, making them a versatile option for various types of cargo. In addition, these vessels often have multiple decks, which maximises cargo capacity.

Disadvantages of Ro-Ro transport

Geographical limitations

Although Ro-Ro transport is efficient, not all ports are equipped to handle this type of cargo. Ports need specialised ramps and sufficient space to manoeuvre vehicles, which can limit destination options. In addition, in some regions, port infrastructure may not be adequate to receive Ro-Ro vessels.

Operational costs

The operating costs of Ro-Ro vessels can be higher compared to other shipping methods. These costs include the maintenance of the ramps and cargo handling systems, as well as the expenses associated with the specialised crew required to operate the ship and handle the vehicles. However, these costs can be offset by the efficiency and speed of the loading and unloading process.

Vehicle operating unit

Ro-Ro transport depends on vehicles being in working order to be driven on and off the ship. If a vehicle cannot roll on its own, it may be necessary to use additional equipment to move it, which can increase costs and driving time. This dependence can be a constraint in situations where vehicles are not in optimal condition.

Ro-Ro transport applications

Automotive industry

The automotive industry is one of the biggest users of Ro-Ro transport. Car manufacturers use Ro-Ro vessels to ship new vehicles to markets around the world. This method of transport is ideal for moving large volumes of cars quickly and safely, ensuring that they reach dealers and customers in perfect condition.

Transport of heavy machinery

Ro-Ro transport is also widely used for the shipment of heavy machinery, such as tractors, excavators and other construction equipment. These large and heavy vehicles are difficult to load and unload using traditional methods, but the Ro-Ro system allows easier and safer handling, reducing the risk of damage.

Transport of commercial vehicles

Commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, also benefit from Ro-Ro transport. These vehicles are often large and unwieldy, but Ro-Ro vessels can easily accommodate them, allowing efficient delivery to final destinations. This is especially important for logistics and transport companies that depend on timely and safe delivery of their vehicles.

Future prospects for Ro-Ro transport

Technological innovations

Ro-Ro transport continues to evolve with the incorporation of new technologies that improve efficiency and safety. For example, fleet management systems and real-time tracking solutions allow for better planning and monitoring of shipments. In addition, advances in automation and autonomous vehicles could further revolutionise the way vehicles are handled and transported on Ro-Ro vessels.

Sustainability and environment

The shipping industry, including the Ro-Ro sector, is increasingly focused on sustainability and reducing its environmental footprint. Modern Ro-Ro vessels are designed to be more efficient in terms of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, cleaner energy alternatives, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and renewable energy sources, are being explored to reduce the environmental impact of Ro-Ro transport.